⬡ Vespiary

Figures & schools

Some reality-models are already on the record. These profiles are reconstructions from published statements — every answer carries its source on the profile page, and questions the person never addressed are left blank. They're not members, they don't post, and if a living thinker (or an estate) wants a position corrected, we'll fix it from a better citation.

Take the quiz and this page will show your % alignment with each of them.

✦ The constellation

Stephen Hawking Stephen Hawking Steven Pinker Steven Pinker C.S. Lewis C.S. Lewis Stoicism Stoicism Existentialism Existentialism Biblical Literalism Biblical Literalism Sam Harris Sam Harris The Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama Jordan Peterson Jordan Peterson Yuval Noah Harari Yuval Noah Harari Ayn Rand Ayn Rand Noam Chomsky Noam Chomsky Friedrich Nietzsche Friedrich Nietzsche Buddhism Buddhism Transhumanism Transhumanism Bertrand Russell Bertrand Russell Karl Popper Karl Popper David Hume David Hume René Descartes René Descartes Ludwig Wittgenstein Ludwig Wittgenstein Thomas Kuhn Thomas Kuhn W. V. O. Quine W. V. O. Quine Paul Feyerabend Paul Feyerabend Ron Paul Ron Paul Bernie Sanders Bernie Sanders Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Elon Musk Elon Musk Nassim Nicholas Taleb Nassim Nicholas Taleb Christopher Hitchens Christopher Hitchens

The figures & schools on the everything map — near neighbors hold similar models of reality. The full atlas, with members and bubbles, is on the Atlas.

🎓 Public figures

Portrait of Ayn Rand
Photo: "Talbot" (public domain)

Ayn Rand

Novelist-philosopher, founder of Objectivism (Atlas Shrugged, 1957). Positions from her published works — not a member.

28 documented positions in the bank

  • B — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • Give it to the brother, as promised — A dying friend gives you $10,000 in cash and makes you promise …
  • Is unchanged — You read a long essay arguing a policy claim, find it persuasiv…

Portrait of Bernie Sanders
Photo: U.S. Senate, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Bernie Sanders

Bernard "Bernie" Sanders (born 1941), longtime U.S. senator from Vermont and self-described democratic socialist — former Burlington mayor and congressman, two-time presidential candidate known for Medicare for All, the Green New Deal, and a $15 minimum wage. Positions here come

75 documented positions in the bank

  • Actively oppose — A new nuclear power plant is proposed about 300 miles from your…
  • Gives back more than half of what the essay added — You read a long essay arguing a policy claim, find it persuasiv…
  • Plausible — documented cover-ups have held longer than that — An anonymous source with no track record alleges that about 200…

Portrait of Bertrand Russell
Photo: Bassano Ltd (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons

Bertrand Russell

Philosopher, logician, and the 20th century's most famous skeptic (The Problems of Philosophy, Why I Am Not a Christian). Positions from his published works — not a member.

29 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • Drop somewhat — Stipulate: you learn from strong data that, given your parents'…
  • Extremely unlikely — some ordinary explanation exists, found or not — Five people you know well report the same event: one evening, a…

Portrait of C.S. Lewis
Photo: John S. Murray (public domain)

C.S. Lewis

Author of Mere Christianity (1952) and Surprised by Joy (1955). Positions reconstructed from his published works — not a member.

18 documented positions in the bank

  • Keep it until someone finds the original reason — Your organization has a 40-year-old rule nobody can explain. Fo…
  • Decline, mainly because attending without belief would compromise my integrity — Take a religion you don't hold. Stipulate: your honest probabil…
  • My view, stated as plainly as I'd state a fact — Your 10-year-old asks you directly, "Is there a God?" Stipulate…

Portrait of Christopher Hitchens
Photo by Ari Armstrong, via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)

Christopher Hitchens

Christopher Hitchens (1949–2011) was a British-American journalist and author — of God Is Not Great, Letters to a Young Contrarian, Hitch-22, and Mortality — renowned as an antitheist polemicist, a free-speech absolutist, and a supporter of the Iraq War who debated religious and

113 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • A if the doctor rebuts my argument; B if not — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • Drop somewhat — Stipulate: you learn from strong data that, given your parents'…

Portrait of David Hume
Portrait: Allan Ramsay, 1766 (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons

David Hume

Scottish empiricist (Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748). The original skeptic about induction, causation, and miracle testimony. Positions from his published works — not a member.

27 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • Slightly — Picture an ordinary person in 1850, kind by their own standards…
  • Drop somewhat — Stipulate: you learn from strong data that, given your parents'…

Portrait of Elon Musk
Photo by Debbie Rowe / The Royal Society, via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Elon Musk

Elon Musk (born 1971) is the founder of SpaceX and CEO of Tesla and xAI, known for electric vehicles, reusable rockets, and outspoken public commentary on AI risk, free speech, and population decline. The positions below come from his documented public record; answers marked "Emu

100 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • B — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • 11–30% — A new drug targets a disease that kills most patients within a …

Portrait of Friedrich Nietzsche
Photo: Friedrich Hermann Hartmann (public domain)

Friedrich Nietzsche

Philosopher (1844–1900): Zarathustra, the Genealogy of Morality. Positions from his published works — not a member.

17 documented positions in the bank

  • There is certainly no god or gods — Which comes closest to your actual position on God?
  • Evolution by natural processes, no guidance needed — Humans came to exist by:
  • Strongly negative — a net source of harm and delusion — Organized religion's overall effect on society has been:

Portrait of Jordan Peterson
Photo: Gage Skidmore, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Jordan Peterson

Psychologist & author (Maps of Meaning, 12 Rules for Life). Positions from his books and lectures — not a member.

25 documented positions in the bank

  • Keep it until someone finds the original reason — Your organization has a 40-year-old rule nobody can explain. Fo…
  • Probably a god or higher power exists — Which comes closest to your actual position on God?
  • Real, human-influenced, and a moderate problem — Human-caused climate change is best described as:

Portrait of Karl Popper
Photo: Franz Barta (no restrictions), via Wikimedia Commons

Karl Popper

Philosopher of science (The Logic of Scientific Discovery, The Open Society and Its Enemies). Falsifiability was his line between science and non-science. Positions from his published works — not a member.

38 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • A if the doctor rebuts my argument; B if not — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • Drop somewhat — Stipulate: you learn from strong data that, given your parents'…

Portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein
Photo: Moritz Nähr, 1929 (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Philosopher of language and certainty (Tractatus, Philosophical Investigations, On Certainty). For him, many "beliefs" are the hinges our questions turn on. Positions from his published works — not a member.

11 documented positions in the bank

  • Stay unchanged — Stipulate: you learn from strong data that, given your parents'…
  • Extremely unlikely — some ordinary explanation exists, found or not — Five people you know well report the same event: one evening, a…
  • Hold it; unrebutted arguments alone wouldn't move me much — You've held a belief for about ten years, for reasons you still…

Portrait of Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Photo by joelogon, via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)

Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Lebanese-American former options trader and essayist (b. 1960, Amioun), author of the Incerto — Fooled by Randomness, The Black Swan, Antifragile, and Skin in the Game — whose work on fat tails, the Lindy effect, and skin in the game speaks directly to much of this bank. Position

121 documented positions in the bank

  • Below where I started — fabrication is itself evidence against X; people fake data when real data won't cooperate — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • Slightly — Picture an ordinary person in 1850, kind by their own standards…
  • B — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…

Portrait of Noam Chomsky
Photo: Σ, retouched by Wugapodes & Jonnmann, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Noam Chomsky

Linguist & political critic (Manufacturing Consent, 1988). Positions from his published works and interviews — not a member.

32 documented positions in the bank

  • Substantially — Picture an ordinary person in 1850, kind by their own standards…
  • Falls back to where it was before I read it — You read a long essay arguing a policy claim, find it persuasiv…
  • Substantially — By 2200, nearly everyone regards a practice you take part in to…

Portrait of Paul Feyerabend
Photo: Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend (attribution), via Wikimedia Commons

Paul Feyerabend

Philosophy's anarchist (Against Method, 1975). "Anything goes": every tradition — science included — must earn its authority, and none gets it by office. Positions from his published works — not a member.

17 documented positions in the bank

  • B — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • Somewhat more likely than before, but still probably not — Before results, you strongly doubted this: a one-time, one-hour…
  • Unlikely, but the testimony is doing real work — Five people you know well report the same event: one evening, a…

Portrait of René Descartes
Portrait: after Frans Hals (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons

René Descartes

Founder of modern philosophy (Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641). Doubted everything to find what could not be doubted. Positions from his published works — not a member.

18 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • A if the doctor rebuts my argument; B if not — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • Extremely unlikely — some ordinary explanation exists, found or not — Five people you know well report the same event: one evening, a…

Portrait of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Photo by Gage Skidmore, via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Environmental lawyer (Riverkeeper, Waterkeeper Alliance) turned vaccine-safety activist (Children's Health Defense), 2024 independent presidential candidate, and U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2025; author of The Real Anthony Fauci (2021) and The Wuhan Cover-Up

107 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • B — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • 10% or less — A new drug targets a disease that kills most patients within a …

Portrait of Ron Paul
Photo: United States Congress, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Ron Paul

Physician and twelve-term Texas congressman (1976–2013) who ran for president three times and became the modern American libertarian movement's best-known figure; author of End the Fed (2009) and Liberty Defined (2011), famous for lone "no" votes, Austrian economics, and a nonint

79 documented positions in the bank

  • B — For a non-urgent condition, your doctor recommends treatment A,…
  • 10% or less — A new drug targets a disease that kills most patients within a …
  • I stay where I was — a peer's disagreement, by itself, is not evidence about the fact — You disagree with someone whose broader worldview is close to y…

Portrait of Sadhguru
Photo: Isha Foundation, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Sadhguru

Jaggi Vasudev, yogi & founder of Isha. Positions from Inner Engineering and his public talks — not a member.

8 documented positions in the bank

  • I genuinely don't know either way — Which comes closest to your actual position on God?
  • Real, mainly human-caused, and a serious problem — Human-caused climate change is best described as:
  • Genuinely unsure — God exists

Portrait of Sam Harris
Photo: Christopher Michel, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Sam Harris

Neuroscientist & author (The End of Faith, The Moral Landscape, Free Will). Positions from his published books — not a member.

22 documented positions in the bank

  • Tell him the truth, gently and plainly — You run a business with a close friend. Your friend's father fu…
  • There is certainly no god or gods — Which comes closest to your actual position on God?
  • Real, mainly human-caused, and a serious problem — Human-caused climate change is best described as:

Portrait of Stephen Hawking
Photo: NASA (public domain)

Stephen Hawking

Physicist (1942–2018). Positions reconstructed from his published books and interviews — not a member.

12 documented positions in the bank

  • There is certainly no god or gods — Which comes closest to your actual position on God?
  • Real, mainly human-caused, and a serious problem — Human-caused climate change is best described as:
  • Evolution by natural processes, no guidance needed — Humans came to exist by:

Portrait of Steven Pinker
Photo: Christopher Michel, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Steven Pinker

Cognitive scientist & author. Positions reconstructed from The Blank Slate, Enlightenment Now, and Rationality — not a member.

29 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • Probably true — a trial this clean should move me most of the way — Before results, you strongly doubted this: a one-time, one-hour…
  • Actively support — A new nuclear power plant is proposed about 300 miles from your…

Portrait of Ted Kaczynski (the Unabomber)
Photo: FBI (public domain)

Ted Kaczynski (the Unabomber)

Author of Industrial Society and Its Future (1995). Included because his positions are extensively documented in his own writing — not a member, not an endorsement.

1 documented positions in the bank

  • Certainly false — People in 2100 will live better lives than people do today

Portrait of The Dalai Lama
Photo: Christopher Michel, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The Dalai Lama

Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama. Positions from The Universe in a Single Atom and his secular-ethics works — not a member.

20 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • Tell him the truth, gently and plainly — You run a business with a close friend. Your friend's father fu…
  • Probably no god, though I can't be certain — Which comes closest to your actual position on God?

Portrait of Thomas Kuhn
Photo: Bob Bielk, 1977 (public domain), via Wikimedia Commons

Thomas Kuhn

Historian of science (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962) — he gave the world "paradigm shift." Positions from his published works — not a member.

13 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • Probably true — a trial this clean should move me most of the way — Before results, you strongly doubted this: a one-time, one-hour…
  • I move substantially toward them — You disagree with someone whose broader worldview is close to y…

Portrait of W. V. O. Quine
Photo: Maryclaire Quine, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

W. V. O. Quine

Logician and naturalist ("Two Dogmas of Empiricism", Word and Object). Beliefs form a web, revised at the edges under pressure from experience. Positions from his published works — not a member.

20 documented positions in the bank

  • Back where I started — the study is simply erased — Before reading a particular study, you were skeptical of claim …
  • Extremely unlikely — some ordinary explanation exists, found or not — Five people you know well report the same event: one evening, a…
  • Almost certainly not — 200 people don't keep a secret like that for ten years — An anonymous source with no track record alleges that about 200…

Portrait of Yuval Noah Harari
Photo: Martin Kraft, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Yuval Noah Harari

Historian & author (Sapiens, Homo Deus, 21 Lessons). Positions from his published books — not a member.

23 documented positions in the bank

  • Probably no god, though I can't be certain — Which comes closest to your actual position on God?
  • Real, mainly human-caused, and a serious problem — Human-caused climate change is best described as:
  • Evolution by natural processes, no guidance needed — Humans came to exist by:

🏛️ Schools of thought

BI
Biblical Literalism school of thought
📍 location not shared
School of thought. Scripture is inerrant and literally factual, and outranks observation where they conflict. Canonical summary, not a person.
BU
Buddhism school of thought
📍 location not shared
School of thought. No creator god; suffering ends by seeing reality clearly. Canonical summary, not a person.
EX
Existentialism school of thought
📍 location not shared
School of thought (Sartre, de Beauvoir, Camus). Existence precedes essence; you are what you choose. Canonical summary, not a person.
LO
Logical Positivism school of thought
📍 location not shared
School of thought (Vienna Circle, Ayer). A claim means its method of verification; the rest is noise. Canonical summary, not a person.
ST
Stoicism school of thought
📍 location not shared
School of thought (Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius, Seneca). Live according to nature; virtue is the only true good. Canonical summary, not a person.
TR
Transhumanism school of thought
📍 location not shared
School of thought. Use technology to overcome death, disease, and cognitive limits. Canonical summary, not a person.
UT
Utilitarianism school of thought
📍 location not shared
School of thought (Bentham, Mill). The right act is the one with the best consequences for everyone's wellbeing. Canonical summary.